The identiﬁcation and cloning of the four PGE2 receptors made available new tools with which to ﬁne-tune investigation of the anti-inﬂammatory, pro-inﬂammatory, immunoregulatory, and bronchodilation mechanisms of PGE2. Many years later, in vitro and in vivo studies suggested a range of biological activities attributable to PGE2, others than the ability to relax smooth muscle, that potentially explained some of the observed positive effects in asthma. In spite of this, data supporting the beneﬁcial role for PGE2 in asthma were scarce and sometimes controversial. In parallel, it was being shown to exert an inhibitory effect on mast cells in vitro. During the 1970s and 1980s, several studies reported the bronchodilator effect of PGE2 in asthma patients.

The PGE2–EP2–mast cell axis: An antiasthma mechanism夽 Rosa Torres a,b,c,∗, César Picado b,c, Fernando de Mora a aĭepartment of Pharmacology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Allergy, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain c CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Spain bĪrticle history: Received 22 December 2013 Received in revised form 5 March 2014 Accepted 6 March 2014 Available online xxx Keywords: Asthma EP2 receptor Mast cell PGE2Ī b s t r a c t Despite the fact that cyclooxygenase and its products, prostaglandins, have been traditionally associated with the development of inﬂammation, PGE2 was implicated early on as potentially beneﬁcial in asthma. Molecular Immunology journal homepage: Review Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

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